How to Cultivate Guava in Pots
The following is about the information we provide to all of you about Guava Cultivation in Pots. Of course, in living an increasingly modern life, there are many needs that we want to fulfill, so with maximum effort and accompanied by prayer, the desires we want will come true. The information below is an encouragement for you to try in the field that you are currently working on, pay close attention to what we have to say.
Guava is one of the most popular fruit plants. Not only for fruit but can be used for dengue fever medicine. The market price is also quite high. This fruit is usually sold in the form of fresh fruit or in the form of processed healthy drinks.
How to Cultivate Guava in Pots
a. Choosing seeds
Guava seeds. Choose one that is in excellent condition. Good guava seeds come from the results of grafting (sticking) that have been at least 4 months old. Usually, the length of one branch of the shoot has reached 30 cm and has 6 pairs of leaves. Most importantly, seedlings are free from major pests and diseases.
b. Easy way to grow guava in pots
The rise of tabulampot makes guava also often planted in the yard in pots. To produce fruit-laden guava tabulampot, the planting stage should be carried out correctly, as follows:
- Choose a large pot (about 1 m in diameter) made of plastic, cement or used drums because the maximum height of a guava plant can reach 10 m.
- Put a porous and loose planting medium into the pot, it can be a mixture of red soil and chicken manure (50%:50%).
- Move the seedlings by prying or opening the plastic attached to the planting medium carefully so that the roots are not damaged into the pot that already contains the planting medium. In order for the roots to grow more, cut the taproot a little. To prevent excessive evaporation, cut the width of the leaves in half.
- Compact the planting medium around the seedlings, then water the plants until water begins to seep from the bottom of the pot.
Also read: How to fertilize the right corn so that the fruit is large and harvests quickly
CULTIVATION TECHNICAL
Nursery
Seedlings of guava trees are carried out through a system of grafting and grafting, although it can also be done by planting seeds directly.
1. Seed Requirements
The seeds taken are usually selected from seeds that are favored by the consumer community which are superior seeds such as guava bangkok. Good seeds include those from:
- Fruits that are quite old.
- The fruit does not fall until it breaks.
- Procurement of seeds of more than one species to ensure the possibility of cross-fertilization.
2. Seed Preparation
After the fruit is peeled and the seeds are taken, then sown by means of ordinary fermentation (holding for 1-2 days) after that in the air for 24 hours (a day and night). The seeds are soaked in an acid solution with a ratio of 1:2 of water and an acid solution consisting of hydrochloric acid (HCl) 25% Sulfuric acid (H2S04) BJ: 1.84, the method is soaked for 15 minutes then washed with clean fresh water 3 times repeatedly/with running water for 10 minutes, then aerated for 24 hours. To avoid fungus, seeds can be dibalur with a solution of Dithane 45, Attracol 70 WP or other fungicides. After the main stem has reached a height of 5-6 meters, the seeds that are sown can only be grafted / grafted which is approximately 1cm in diameter and grows straight,
3. Seed Technique
Choose land that is loose and has received irrigation and is easy to dry besides that it is easy to supervise for seeding. The method of seeding is as follows: the soil is hoeed to a depth of 20-30 cm while being cleaned of grass, stones and tree residues and other hard objects, then the soil is smoothed so that it becomes loose and made beds measuring 3-4 m wide and approx. 30 cm, length adapted to ideal land about 6-7 m, with beds stretching from north to south, in order to get a lot of sunlight, with a distance between beds 1 m, and to increase fertility can be given green manure, compost/manure as much as 40 kg with a condition that is ripe and the seeds are ready to be sown. Apart from going through the germination process, the seeds can also be added directly to the prepared beds. To prepare the base tree better through the germination process, the seeds are planted in beds that are 20-30 cm apart after germination around the age of 1-2 months, about 2-3 leaves have grown, the seeds can be transferred from the nursery to the nursery. planting beds. After reaching a height of 5-6 m, approximately 6-9 months old, grafting or grafting can be started by cutting 10-15 cm long branches then given soil media that has been given manure, then wrapped with coconut fiber or plastic that has been given holes - Circulation holes, then tied with plastic rope to keep root growth from experiencing obstacles. Roots will grow quickly, about 2-3 months. Start by grafting with the eye of the stalk that is 1 year old, through the enhanced Forkert method, with a width of 0.8 cm and a height of 10 cm from the ground, after peeling the skin by 2/3 at the lip of the skin and after 2-3 weeks the rope is removed if the eye is still green, grafting is considered successful and the base tree above grafting is 5 cm is lowered to allow the eye to develop and after that the base tree is cut, the grafted seeds can be transferred to pots or plastic bags, then cut the taproot a little so that the roots will grow faster. After that, planting is done in the prepared beds. grafting is considered successful and the base tree above the grafting as high as 5 cm is lowered to allow the eye to develop and after that the base tree is cut, the grafted seeds can be transferred to pots or plastic bags, then cut the taproot a little so that the roots will grow stronger. growing fast. After that, planting is done in the prepared beds. grafting is considered successful and the base tree above the grafting as high as 5 cm is lowered to allow the eye to develop and after that the base tree is cut, the grafted seeds can be transferred to pots or plastic bags, then cut the taproot a little so that the roots will grow stronger. growing fast. After that, planting is done in the prepared beds.
4. Nursery maintenance/seeding
Provision of manure before sowing will further encourage seed growth quickly and evenly, after the seeds begin to germinate around the age of 1-1.5 months, watering is carried out using Atoik 0.05-0.1% solution or Gandasil D 0.2%, to stimulates directly on leaves and roots, thus providing vital force for cell growth activities. After that, watering is carried out regularly in the morning and evening, until the sprouts are transferred to the nursery bed, watering is done just 1 time every morning until before sunrise, the tool used is "cheeky" so that watering can be evenly distributed and does not damage the beds, it is attempted so that the water can penetrate as deep as 3-4 cm from the surface. Furthermore, the bed is carried out so that it remains loose, carried out every 2-3 weeks, the grass that grows around it must be weeded, avoid pests and diseases, until the age of approximately 1 year, only then can grafting with the improved Fokert system be carried out, before grafting the leaves of the parent tree whose skin eyes have been selected are threshed, then after attaching the skin eye is done, wait for the skin eye to sprout, after that the stem above the new shoot on the mother tree is pruned, then treat it with watering 2 times a day and mendangir and clean the grass around it. Giving foliar fertilizer with Gundosil or Atonic is given every 2 weeks for 4 months by spraying it through the leaves, each plant is sprayed with 50 cc of solution. only after that can grafting with the improved Fokert system be carried out, before grafting the leaves of the parent tree whose skin eyes have been selected are knocked out, then after the attachment of the skin eye is carried out, wait for the skin eye to sprout, after that the stem on a new shoot at the main tree is pruned, then treated by watering 2 times a day and mendangir and cleaning the grass around it. Giving foliar fertilizer with Gundosil or Atonic is given every 2 weeks for 4 months by spraying it through the leaves, each plant is sprayed with 50 cc of solution. only after that can grafting with the improved Fokert system be carried out, before grafting the leaves of the parent tree whose skin eyes have been selected are knocked out, then after the attachment of the skin eye is carried out, wait for the skin eye to sprout, after that the stem on a new shoot at the main tree is pruned, then treated by watering 2 times a day and mendangir and cleaning the grass around it. Giving foliar fertilizer with Gundosil or Atonic is given every 2 weeks for 4 months by spraying it through the leaves, each plant is sprayed with 50 cc of solution. then after the attachment of the skin eye is done, wait for the skin eye to sprout, after that the stem above the new shoot on the parent tree is pruned, then treat it with watering 2 times a day and mendangir and clean the grass around it. Giving foliar fertilizer with Gundosil or Atonic is given every 2 weeks for 4 months by spraying it through the leaves, each plant is sprayed with 50 cc of solution. then after the attachment of the skin eye is done, wait for the skin eye to sprout, after that the stem above the new shoot on the parent tree is pruned, then treat it with watering 2 times a day and mendangir and clean the grass around it. Giving foliar fertilizer with Gundosil or Atonic is given every 2 weeks for 4 months by spraying it through the leaves, each plant is sprayed with 50 cc of solution.
5. Seed Transfer
How to transfer seeds that have germinated or have been grafted or grafted can be by prying or opening the plastic attached to the planting media in a careful way not to damage the roots, and pruning is done with a depth of 5 cm, so that more roots grow, then in planting again the taproot is cut slightly to prevent excessive evaporation, then the leaf width is cut in half. Planted in nursery beds 6-7 m apart and covered with a roof that slopes higher to the east, in the hope of getting more sunlight in the morning. And do watering regularly every day 2 times, unless planted in the rainy season.
Planting Media Processing
1. Preparation
As one of the requirements in preparing orchards, especially guava, fertile soil is chosen, containing a lot of nitrogen, although in hilly areas the soil is fertile, this is done by making swales (terraces) on the steep part, then to loosen the soil it is necessary to in a plow or simply hoe to a depth of about 30 cm evenly. Furthermore, manure is given at a dose of 40 kg/m2, then beds with a size of 1.20 m are made, the length of which is adjusted to the required size.
2. Land Clearing
Land to be used for guava gardenall done together, weeds such as bushes and grass are removed, and hard objects are removed and the soil is plowed or plowed deep, taking into account the seeds to be planted. If the seedlings are from grafts, the tillage does not need to be too deep (30 cm), but if the grafting results need deep processing (50 cm). Then a water channel 1 m wide and inward adjusted to the depth of the groundwater, in order to overcome the substandard drainage system. Soil that is thin and lacks humus/sufficiently clayey soil is given green manure made by burying branches and leaves in this condition and left for about 1 year beforehand. Then apply fertilization as much as 2 cans of kerosene (4 kg) per square meter.
3. Formation of Beds
The soil that has been loose is made into beds measuring 3 m wide, length as needed, about 30 cm high. The top of the soil is leveled to support the seeds to be planted. Ideally, the row spacing of seeds is about 4 m, prepare a distance of 2.5 m in a row of beds with a longitudinal condition from north to south, in order to get a lot of morning sunlight, after being given a protective roof with a distance between beds of 1 m, for traffic facilities workers and can be used as sewerage, to increase fertility can be given green manure, compost / manure that is ripe. The exception is when planting Bangkok guava using a plant spacing of 3 x 2 m.
4. Liming
Liming is done when the plains originating from ponds and also newly formed plains cannot be planted, besides the soil is still acidic and not too fertile. The trick is to dig holes with a size of 1 x 1 m, the bottom of the hole is sprinkled with lime as much as 0.5 liters for each hole, in order to neutralize the soil pH up to 4.5-8.2. After 1 month of sowing lime given manure.
5. Fertilization
After a period of 1 month from giving lime to the specified holes then manure is given in the order that in the first month NPK is given at a dose of 12:24:81 ounces/tree, the second month is the same as the first month, in the third month NPK is given with dose 15:15:15 ounces / tree and the 4th month until the plants bear fruit, so that the guava remains fruitful, use manure that is ripe and planted as far as 30 cm from the stem of the plant. Fertilization is the most important part that its use cannot be arbitrary, especially if using artificial fertilizers such as NPK, if done excessively will result in a change in the nature of fertilizer into poison that will harm the plant itself.
Planting Technique
1. Determination of Crop Pattern
After the germination process occurs, the mature seeds are placed in ready beds. Also the preparation of the base tree should go through the germination process and then planted with a distance of 20 x 30 cm after germination and 1-2 months old or have grown leaves as much as 2-3 strands then the seeds / zaeling can be transferred to the second bed that has been formed as wide as 3-4 m with a planting distance of 7-10 m with a depth of about 30-40 cm, the distance between the beds is 1 m wide, preceded by leveling the soil in the middle of the beds to make planting holes. To avoid direct sunlight, a sloping roof is made higher to the east in order to get full morning sun.
2. Plant Hole Making
Making holes in beds that are ready for planting ready-made guava seedlings are carried out after the soil is thoroughly processed and then made holes with a size of 1 x 1 x 0.8 m which should have been prepared 1 month in advance and at the time of excavation. the soil above and below is separated, later it will be used to cover the hole that has been given the plant, the separation of the excavated soil is left for 1 week so that the microorganisms that will interfere with the plant are destroyed; while the distance between holes is about 7-10 m.
3. Planting Method
After 1 week the hole is covered with the original soil structure and the top soil is returned after being mixed with 1 blek (1 blek - 20 liters) of mature manure, and about 2 weeks of soil in the ex-dug hole. it has started to decline, new guava seeds are planted, planting does not need to be too deep, just enough, meaning that the boundary between the roots and stems of guava is cultivated as high as the surface of the soil around it. Then watering is carried out regularly 2 times a day (morning and evening), except in the rainy season it is not necessary to water.
4. Others
At the beginning of planting in the garden, it is necessary to provide protection with a frame made of bamboo/other materials with a slightly elevated position in the east, so that the plants get more sunlight in the morning than in the afternoon, and the roof can be made of palm leaves, coconut/sugarcane. Planting should be done at the beginning of the rainy season, so that water needs can be met naturally.
Plant Maintenance
Although guava planting is able to grow and produce without the need to pay attention to the soil and weather conditions that affect it, it would be better if its presence is considered, because plants that are well cared for will give satisfactory results in return.
1. Thin and Embroidery
Because the soil condition is loose and easy for other plants to grow back, especially weeds (nuisance plants), such as grasses and must be weeded to a radius of 1.5-2 m around the rambutan plant. If the seeds do not grow well, immediately replace them with spare seeds. And if the plant grows too far apart it is necessary to do embroidery and vice versa if it grows very close, thinning.
2. Weeding
For 2 weeks after the seedlings from grafts/graftings are planted in the field, weeding needs to be done only on old branches (brown color) with young branches (green) and if there are too many fruits, shoots in one branch can be reduced, by reducing Unnecessary shoots will result in the fruit becoming large and sweet in taste. Especially for non-seed guava by limiting the branching of the fruit to a maximum of 3 pieces after a length of 30-50 cm is pruned, and after growing the tertiary branches are immediately flexed in a horizontal direction, in order to stimulate flower and fruit buds that will grow.
3. Hoarding
In order for the soil to remain loose and fertile at the location for planting guava seeds, it is necessary to turn and loosen the soil so that it remains in a soft state, once every 1 month until the plant can be considered to be really strong.
4. Fornication
In order for the guava plant to get a lush canopy, after the plant is 2 years old, it is immediately carried out by perempelan / pruning at the ends of the branches. In addition to obtaining a balanced crown, it is also useful to give the shape of the plant, also to reproduce and regulate production so that the plant is maintained and pruning also needs to be done after the fruit harvest period ends, with the hope that new crowns will appear as a place for the emergence of new flowers in the following season with good yields. increased or remained stable.
5. Fertilization
To keep the fertility of the guava plant land stable, it is necessary to give fertilizer regularly with the following rules:
- In years 0-1, the planting age of seedlings is given to each tree with a mixture of 40 kg of manure, 50 kg of TSP, 100 grams of Urea and 20 grams of ZK by sprinkling it around the tree or by digging around the tree as deep as 30 cm and between 40 cm wide. -50 cm, then add the mixture and cover it again with the previous excavated soil. Plants can bear fruit 2 times a year.
- Fertilizing plants aged 1-3 years, after the plants bear fruit 2 times. Fertilization is done with NPK 250 grams/tree, and TSP 250 grams/tree, and so on in this way every 3 months with TSP and NPK at the same dose.
- Fertilizing plants aged 3 years and over, If the plant growth is not perfect, especially seen in the growth of the lever trimming results, it means that in addition to TSP and NPK with the same size the plant requires 2 cans of oil manure per tree. Fertilization is done by making a piston that surrounds the plant just below the tip of the canopy with a depth of about 30-40 cm and fertilizer is immediately planted in the piston and closed again with the former excavation.
6. Watering
During the first two weeks after the seeds from grafts or grafts are planted, watering is done twice a day, morning and evening. And in the following weeks watering can be reduced to once a day. If the guava plant has grown really strong, the frequency of watering can be reduced again which can be done only when needed. And if it rains too heavily, it is attempted so that the surrounding plants are not waterlogged by making channels to drain the water. On the other hand, in the dry season the soil looks cracked, so watering using a 3 PK water pump is needed for an area of approximately 3000 m2 and is done once a day every afternoon.
7. Pesticide Spraying Time
In order to maintain the possibility of the growth of diseases or pests caused by weather conditions and also from destructive animals, it is necessary to spray pesticides in general with nogos, between 15-20 days before harvest and also need to be sprayed with sevin or furadan especially to avoid the presence of guava caterpillars, rats or other types of ants, in addition spraying is done with a fungicide type Delsene 200 MX to eradicate fungi that will invite the presence of ants. Besides that, insecticides are also used to eradicate fruit flies and aphids, sprayed twice a week and after a month before harvesting the spraying is stopped.
8. Other Maintenance
To stimulate the emergence of guava flowers, a KNO3 (Calcium Nitrate) solution is needed which will accelerate 10 days earlier than not given KNO3 and also has the advantage of increasing the "dompolan" of guava flowers (bunches) at each stage (stage of development) and also accelerates growth. guava fruit, how to give KNO3 by spraying on the shoots of branches with a dose of between 2-3 liters of KNO3 solution for every 10 plant shoots with a KNO3 solution size of 10 grams dissolved in 1 liter of technical diluent.
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