How to Cultivate Black Pepper Plants

A lot of information is very helpful for us to launch the business we are currently pursuing. Here we provide information about Black Pepper Plants for all of you. By listening to what we provide, hopefully it can help a little what you need. Read carefully the information below. Cultivation of Black Pepper Plants - Who does not know the commodity Pepper or also known as pepper. Because of this spice that makes colonialism or colonization in all corners of the world. Pepper or what we often call pepper is a spice in the form of grains that we often use as cooking spices. Its distinctive taste makes pepper used as a cooking spice because it makes the taste more delicious.

How to Cultivate Black Pepper Plants

Lampung Province is one of the largest pepper producing countries in Indonesia. Indonesia has an important role in the pepper trade in the world. Indonesia is famous for its supply of Muntok White Pepper and Lampung Black Pepper.

The main benefit of the main pepper is as a cooking spice that can make the taste of food delicious, has a stimulating aroma, and warms the body. Therefore, in Indonesia, pepper is used as a special spice for arousal-enhancing dishes. Meanwhile in India, where the people are known to love pepper-spiced dishes, most of their pepper production is for domestic consumption. In addition to cooking spices, pepper along with several other spices and tubers are also used as ingredients for traditional herbal medicine. Pepper, especially black pepper, is often refined for its oil. Pepper oil with a distinctive aroma is used as an ingredient in perfume mixtures.

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GROWTH CONDITIONS

Climate

• - Rainfall 2000-3000 mm/yr
• - Sufficient sunlight (10 hours a day)
• - Air temperature 20 C-34 C
• - Air humidity 50-100%
• - Protected from strong winds

Growing media

• - Fertile and rich in organic matter
• - Not flooded or too dry
• - Soil pH 5.5-7.0
• - Soil color is red to red yellow such as Podsolik, Lateritic, Latosol and Utisol
• - Soil humus content as deep as 1-2,5 m
• - Slope / slope of land maximum 300
• - The altitude of the place is 300-1,100 meters above sea level

Nursery

• Guaranteed the purity of the type of seed
• Comes from a healthy mother tree
• Free from pests and diseases
• Comes from the main production garden which is 10 months-3 years old (Seeds need 2,000 plant seeds per hectare). 

Planting Media Processing

1. Hoe 1, soil reversal 20-30 cm
2. Sprinkle agricultural lime and let stand 3-4 weeks
3. Hoe 2, puree and level the ground

Planting Technique

• The planting system is monoculture (2m x 2m spacing), but can also be planted with other crops (intercropping)
• The planting hole is made of a pyramid with a top size of 40 cm x 35 cm, a bottom 40 cm x 15 cm and a depth of 50 cm
• Leave the planting hole 10-15 days then the seeds are planted
• The planting time should be the rainy season or the transition from the dry season to the rainy season, at 6.30 am or 16.30-18.00 pm
• How to plant: facing the part that is covered with sticky roots downwards, while the back (which is not covered with sticky roots) faces up
• Sprinkle manure 0.75-100 grams/plant
• Cover the planting hole with the top dug soil

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Plant Maintenance

-   Climbing Tendrill Bonding

Climb on the climbing pole using a rope. Tie it by twisting and folding it so that it comes off easily when the vine grows large and its sticky roots are attached to the climbing pole.

-   Weeding and Hoarding

Weeding every 2-3 months. Pembubunan done simultaneously with weeding.

-   Fornication

Pruning or pruning is done on:

• Unproductive stems, branches, twigs, or attacked by pests and diseases.
• The shoots/stems, because they do not have productive branches
• The stems are old in order to rejuvenate the plant to be young again.

- Follow-   up Fertilization

Do fertilization according to the rules of the fertilizer to be used, get used to using organic fertilizers

-   Watering

In the dry season watering once a day in the afternoon. In the rainy season it should not be flooded.

-   Giving Mulch

Age 3-5 months, give natural mulch in the form of annual plant leaves or reeds.

-   Use of Tajar (Ajir)

We recommend that you use a dead tajar (Ajir) made of wood. The base of the tajar (Ajir) is sharpened, the tip is made of branches to place the pepper stalks whose length has exceeded the height of the tajars (Ajir). Tajar length (Ajir) 2.5-3 m..

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Pests and Diseases

-   Pest

A. Stem Borer (Laphobaris piperis)

Characteristics: black, size 3-5 mm. Adult insects prefer to attack flowers, leaf shoots and young branches. Another consequence if the nymphs (young insects) in the form of caterpillars will burrow the stems and branches of plants. Control by cutting stem branches or spraying with organic matter

B. Flower pests

Characteristics: Adult insects are black, net-like wings, there is a bulge on the back, body length 4.5 mm and width 3 mm. Symptoms of adult insects / nymphs attack flowers resulting in damaged flowers and cause fertilization failure, the life cycle is about 1 month. Control by cutting the flower bunches or spraying with organic materials

C. Fruit pests

Characteristics: insects are brownish green, the nymphs are wingless, translucent and molt four times. Adult insects or their nymphs attack the fruit so that the fruit is empty. The eggs are usually laid on the surface of the leaves or on fruit bunches, the life cycle is about 6 months. Control by destroying eggs on the surface of leaves, branches, and those on fruit bunches or spraying with organic matter

-   Disease

A. Root rot disease

Cause: Phytopthora Palmivora Var Piperis fungus. Symptoms: the beginning of the attack is difficult to know. The part that begins to be attacked at the base of the stem shows blackish brown lines under the bark. Leaves change color to wither (yellow). Prevention: planting of BPB disease-resistant pepper species

B. Jaundice

Causes: non-fulfillment of various agronomic requirements and the attack of the fine worm (Nematode) Radhophalus similis which may be associated with other nematodes such as Heterodera SP, M incognita and Rotylenchus Similis. Symptoms: attack the roots of pepper plants, marked by yellowing of pepper leaves, dead hair roots, rotting and black color. The speed with which the symptoms of yellowing leaves depend on the severity of the infection and the fertility of the plant. Control: Provision of manure, liming, proper and balanced fertilization

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Harvest

>   Characteristics and Harvest Age

The first harvest is three years old or less. Characteristics: the stem turns slightly yellow and there are already ripe fruits (yellow or red).

>   How to Harvest

Picking from the bottom of the fruit to the top of the fruit, by breaking the joints of the fruit stalks in the armpits.

>   Harvest Period

Harvest period according to local climate, type of pepper planted and intensity of maintenance