How to plant and cultivate mangosteen fruit

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This tempting red fruit, a legendary fruit with a story that tells that pregnant women who eat this mangosteen fruit will have as many children as the fruit seeds in it. fruit that can be used fruit as well as the skin. The bark can be used for traditional medicine. This fruit is often sought after by mothers who have cravings when they are young. the price is relatively expensive.

CONDITIONS OF GROWING MANGOSTEEN

1.        Climate

In  mangosteen cultivation , wind plays a role in pollinating flowers for fruit growth. A good wind is not too strong. Areas that are suitable for mangosteen cultivation are areas that have an annual rainfall of 1,500 - 2,500 mm/year and are evenly distributed throughout the year. The ideal air temperature is in the range of 22-32 C.

2.       Growing Media

The best soil for  mangosteen cultivation  is fertile, loose soil, containing organic matter. The degree of soil acidity (soil pH) ideal for mangosteen cultivation is 5-7. For the growth of the mangosteen plant  requires an area with good drainage and not flooded and groundwater is at a depth of 50-200 m .

3.       Altitude of Place

Mangosteen trees  can grow in lowland areas to an altitude below 1,000 m above sea level. The best growth is achieved in areas with an altitude below 500-600 m above sea level. 

Also read: How to Cultivate Tobacco Nurseries

MANGOSTEEN CULTURE GUIDELINES

1.       Mangosteen Nursery

Mangosteen trees can be propagated with seeds/seeds resulting from splicing and suckling. Trees planted from new seeds flower at the age of 10-15 years, while those planted from seedlings can flower at the age of 5-7 years.

2.       Seed Requirements

Propagation by seeds for rootstock Seeds to be used as seeds are taken from old fruit containing 5-6 segments of fruit flesh with 1-2 segments with seeds, not damaged, weighing at least one gram and germination of at least 75%. The fruit is taken from trees that are at least 10 years old. For the manufacture of seedlings by way of connection required rootstock and shoots (entres) are healthy. Rootstock is a seedling from seeds that are more than two years old with a stem diameter of 0.5 cm and the skin is brownish green.

3.       Seed Preparation

Propagation by seeds for rootstock to remove fruit flesh, soak the fruit in clean water for 1 week (every two days the water is replaced) so that mucus and fungus are removed. The seeds will peel by themselves and the seeds are washed thoroughly. Dip the seeds into Benlate fungicide with a concentration of 3 g/L for 2-5 minutes. Air dry the seeds in the shade for a few days until the moisture content is 12-14%.

The shoots for connection are shoots (one book) that are still young and come from a superior and healthy parent tree. Two weeks before grafting, the rootstock and shoot sections were smeared with a growth regulator of Adenine/Kinetin with a concentration of 500 ppm to further stimulate growth.

Also read: How to Cultivate a Good Cassava

4.       Seed Technique

Propagation by seed in beds The beds are made with a width of 100-120 cm with a distance between beds of 60-100 cm. The soil is processed to a depth of 30 cm, then mix sand, soil and fine organic matter (3:2:1) evenly. The nursery is given a thatched roof/coconut leaf with a height of 150-175 cm on the east side and 10-125 cm on the west side. Seeds were planted in planting holes measuring 10 x 10 cm with a spacing of 3 x 3 cm and a distance between rows of 5 cm at a depth of 0.5-1.0 cm. Cover the seeds with soil and then cover the beds with wet burlap sacks or 3 cm thick straw. Nurseries were watered 1-2 times a day, given urea and SP-36 fertilizers of 2 g/plant every month. After 1 year of age, the seedlings were transferred to polybags measuring 20 x 30 cm containing a mixture of soil and compost/manure (1:1).

Seeding and seeding in polybags measuring 20 x 30 cm. One or two seeds are sown in 20 x 30 cm polybags with small holes in the bottom of them at a depth of 0.5-1.0 cm. The planting medium is a mixture of fine soil, compost/fine manure and sand (1:1:1). Store polybags in beds whose sides are circled by boards/bamboo slats so that the polybags do not collapse. Nurseries were watered once every 1-2 days and given urea and SP-36 as much as 2-3 g/plant every month. These seeds are maintained until they are 2 years old and are ready to be planted in the field or used as rootstock in grafting.

Propagation by grafting shoots. The method of splicing the shoots is as follows:

• Cut the bottom material as high as 15-25 cm from the base of the neck and then make a gap at the end of the stem along the 3-5 cm.
• Sharpen the base of the scion along 3-5 cm.
• Tuck the pointed part of the scion (shoot) into the slit of the rootstock.
• Wrap the linkage area of ​​the lower and upper rods with raffia rope. Start dressing at the top, then tie the ends of the bandage tightly.
• Cover the connection with a transparent plastic bag and store in the shade. After 2-3 weeks the cover is opened and the seedlings are allowed to grow for 3-4 weeks. The dressing can be removed after 3 months, when the seeds have sprouted. After 6 months the seedlings are ready to be transplanted into the garden.
• During grafting, water the seeds regularly and weed weeds.

Propagate by suckling. The method of breastfeeding is as follows: 

• Select a productive parent tree as the scion.
• Prepare the rootstock in a polybag and place it on a higher place than the mangosteen mother tree .
• Select a branch (entres) from the parent tree for the material for the upper branch. Branch diameter is smaller than or equal to rootstock.
• Cut the rootstock with the wood about 1/3-1/2 diameter of the stem along 5-8 cm.
• Also cut the entres branch in the same way.
• Unite the incision plane of the two rods and wrap with raffia rope.
• Let the seeds nurse for 5 - 6 months.
• Maintain the mother tree and rootstock in polybags intensively.
• Breastfeeding is successful if young shoots grow at the top of the scion (entres) and there is swelling (callus) at the place of the rope tie.
• Freshly cut milk seedlings are immediately stored in the shade with 30% irradiation for 3-6 months until new shoots grow. At this time the seeds are ready to be transplanted.

5. Mangosteen Planting Media Processing

Preparation :

• Determination of areas for mango plantations must take into account the factors of ease of transportation and water sources.
• Land Clearing: Remove unnecessary plants and kill weeds and remove weeds and shrubs from the planting area.
• Plow the ground to remove lumps of land that are too large.

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6. Mangosteen Cultivation Technique

Spacing Arrangement: In less fertile soils, the spacing is closed, while in fertile soils, the spacing is more tenuous. The standard planting distance is 10 m. Fertilizing Mangosteen : Seedlings are planted in the rainy season except in areas that are irrigated throughout the year. Before planting, sprinkle a mixture of 500 grams of ZA, 250 grams of SP-36 and 200 grams of KCl into the planting hole and cover with soil.

1. Soil Hole Making

Make a planting hole measuring 50 x 50 cm as deep as 25 cm and place the excavated soil on one side. Deepen the planting hole to 50 cm and place the excavated soil on the other side. Dry the planting hole 15-30 days before planting. Then enter the inner soil (second excavation) and re-enter the top soil layer that has been mixed with 20-30 kg of manure. The distance between holes is 8 x 10 m or 10 x 10 m calculated from the center point of the hole. For sloping land, terraces, embankments and drainage channels need to be made to prevent erosion.

 

2. Planting Method

With a spacing of 10 x 10 m or 8 x 10 m, 100-125 seeds per hectare are needed. The correct way to plant seeds is as follows:

• Flush the seeds in the polybag with water until the polybag can be removed easily.
• Remove some roots that are too long with a sharp knife/scissors.
• Insert  the mangosteen seed  into the center of the planting hole, fill it with soil to the limit of the roots and compact the soil slowly.
• Water until the soil is moist enough.
• Give a shade made of bamboo poles with thatched roofs.

7.       Plant Maintenance

1)       Weeding

Do weeding continuously and should be done in conjunction with fertilization and loosening that is twice a year.

2)       Pruning/Pruning

Twigs that grow twins and are not fruiting need to be pruned to prevent pests and diseases. Use clean, sharp pruning shears to avoid infection and seal the trim.

3)       Fertilizing Mangosteen

The recommended type and dosage of fertilization are:

• Trees aged 6 months were fertilized with a mixture of urea, SP-36 and KCl (3:2:1) as much as 200-250 grams/tree.
• Trees aged 1-3 years are fertilized with a mixture of 400-500 grams of Urea, 650-700 grams of SP-36 and 900-1000 grams of KCl (3:1:2) given in two to three times.
• Trees aged 4 years and so on are fertilized with a mixture of urea, SP-36 and KCl (1:4:3) as much as 3-6 kg. trees plus 40 kg/tree of manure. Fertilizer is sprinkled in rows/in holes around the trunk with a diameter as far as the size of the tree canopy. in the array and the hole is about 10-20 cm while the distance between the holes is about 100-150 cm.

4)       Watering

Plants under five years old require sufficient and continuous water availability, so they must be watered once or twice a day. Meanwhile, for mangosteen trees that are more than five years old, the frequency of watering can be gradually reduced. Watering is done in the morning by flooding the irrigation canal or watering.

5)       Mulching

Straw mulch is spread 3-5 cm thick to cover the soil around the stems that are still small to suppress weeds, maintain moisture and aeration and reduce water evaporation.

Also read: How to Plant Purslane in Fertile Pots and Flowering Fast

8.       Harvest

Characteristics and Harvest Age of Mangosteen

The level of maturity greatly affects the quality and shelf life of mangosteen. The fruit is harvested after 104 days after the flower blooms (SBM). Harvest age and physical characteristics of mangosteen ready to harvest can be seen below:

1. Harvest 104 days: skin color is green with purple spots; weight 80-130 grams; 55-60mm in diameter.
2. Harvest 106 days: skin color purple red 10-25%; weight 80-130 grams; diameter 55-60mm.
3. Harvest 108 days: skin color purple red 25-50%; weight 80-130 grams; diameter 55-60mm.
4. Harvest 110 days: skin color purple red 50-75%; weight 80-130 grams; diameter 55-60mm.
5. Harvest 114 days: skin color purple red; weight 80-130 grams; diameter 55-65mm.
6. For local consumption, the fruit is picked at the age of 114 BOE, while for export it is at the age of 104-108 BOE.

How to Harvest

Harvesting is done by picking/cutting the base of the fruit stalk with a sharp knife. To reach the fruit in a high place can be used a ladder made of wood / pole equipped with a knife and a basket at the end. Climbing is often necessary because the mangosteen  is a forest tree that can last more than 25 years.

9.       Post-harvest

Collection

The fruit is collected in containers and placed in a shady, convenient location.

Sorting and Classification

Place the good fruit with the damaged and rotten in different containers. Sort by fruit size as a result of grouping from the Solok Fruit Tree Research Institute, namely large, medium and small.

Storage

In a room with a temperature of 4-6 degrees C the fruit can stay fresh for 40 days while at 9-12 degrees C it can last up to 33 days.