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How to Cultivate Tobacco Nurseries

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On this occasion we will provide information for all of you about Tobacco Breeding. Pay attention to the information we convey below for your knowledge in cultivation. Hopefully it can be useful and as a motivation for you in trying.

The Right Way of Tobacco Breeding - Tobacco plants are plants that are used as raw materials for cigarettes. when viewed from a health perspective, tobacco is very detrimental to health, but its contribution to foreign exchange is quite high and almost beats other economic sectors. The dilemma between the benefits and the consequences is still less attention. 

On this occasion we will provide information for all of you about Tobacco Breeding . Pay attention to the information we convey below for your knowledge in cultivation. Hopefully it can be useful and as a motivation for you in trying. The Right Way of Tobacco Breeding - Tobacco plants are plants that are used as raw materials for cigarettes. when viewed from a health perspective, tobacco is very detrimental to health, but its contribution to foreign exchange is quite high and almost beats other economic sectors. The dilemma between the benefits and the consequences is still less attention. How To Seed Tobacco ( Nicotianae Tabacum L) In principle, tobacco breeding can be carried out in beds with extracted tobacco seeds or a polybag system with seeds in polybags. Nursery Bed System Tobacco nursery activities with a bed system are carried out with the following steps: A. Seed preparation The first step in the nursery is seed preparation by using quality seeds from superior varieties. Quality seeds and superior varieties can determine tobacco yields. Superior varieties of tobacco can be obtained from elders who have superior characteristics. Tobacco seeds are very small with a seed index of 50 - 80 mg/1 000 seeds or each gram contains 13000 seeds, thus to be able to spread evenly on the bed it cannot be spread directly. Seeds used for breeding must be prepared from special nursery areas and selected appropriately. Seeds must have high purity, not mixed with damaged seeds, dirt or weed seeds, germination above 80% and free of pests and diseases. B. Selection of the nursery Nurseries should be open enough, near agricultural areas, get enough sunlight, especially in the morning. The soil layer is quite thick, fertile, water holding capacity and good drainage. In addition, the nursery is also close to water sources to facilitate watering, free from Solanaseae family plants in previous plantings and free from disturbance of pets, pests and diseases.

How To Seed Tobacco ( Nicotianae Tabacum L)

In principle, tobacco breeding can be carried out in beds with extracted tobacco seeds or a polybag system with seeds in polybags.

Nursery Bed System

Tobacco nursery activities with a bed system are carried out with the following steps:

A.        Seed preparation

The first step in the nursery is seed preparation by using quality seeds from superior varieties. Quality seeds and superior varieties can determine tobacco yields. Superior varieties of tobacco can be obtained from elders who have superior characteristics.

Tobacco seeds are very small with a seed index of 50 - 80 mg/1 000 seeds or each gram contains 13000 seeds, thus to be able to spread evenly on the bed it cannot be spread directly. Seeds used for breeding must be prepared from special nursery areas and selected appropriately. Seeds must have high purity, not mixed with damaged seeds, dirt or weed seeds, germination above 80% and free of pests and diseases.

Also read: 4 Stages of Cultivating Curly Chilies that Fruitful

B.       Selection of the nursery

Nurseries should be open enough, near agricultural areas, get enough sunlight, especially in the morning. The soil layer is quite thick, fertile, water holding capacity and good drainage. In addition, the nursery is also close to water sources to facilitate watering, free from Solanaseae family plants in previous plantings and free from disturbance of pets, pests and diseases.

C.        Bed making

The making of the beds begins with soil preparation. Soil treatment for the nursery beds is carried out 30-35 days before sowing the seeds. This soil processing must be carried out 70-80 days before planting so that the seedlings are ready to be distributed at the time of planting, because the age of the tobacco seedlings ready for distribution is 40-45 day. The tillage consisted of plowing I and plowing II at intervals of 1 to 2 weeks and with a plowing depth of 30-40 cm. The beds are formed in a north-south direction, measuring 1 m wide and 5 m long, while the height is 30 cm and the distance between beds is 75 - 100 cm.

D.       Sowing seeds

Seed sowing is done after the seedbed is ready for planting. Prior to sowing the seeds, basic fertilization is carried out with NPK fertilizer at a dose of 0.5 - 1 kg/m2, 3 to 4 days before sowing. Tobacco seeds can be sown in beds with or without prior soaking. Soaking the seeds can be done for 48 hours before sowing. The sowing of seeds can be done with water filled with water plus soap as a dispersion so that the seeds do not collect. Seed distribution without soaking can be done by mixing the seeds with ash or fine sand so that they are evenly distributed.

E.        Maintenance

Maintenance carried out in nurseries includes watering, fertilizing, setting shade, thinning mulch, weeding, thinning plants, and controlling pests and diseases. Watering in the nursery must be done intensively to obtain good seedling growth.

Seed thinning (resetting) needs to be done to avoid excessive moisture because the seeds are too dense which can cause an attack of sapling or lanas fall disease. Besides that, thinning is also needed so that the seeds do not undergo etiolation and there is no competition for nutrients so that the seedlings grow with uniform vigor. Reset is done at the age of 21 days.
The nursery needs to be shaded to protect the seeds from the sun's rays. The roof construction is made of semi-circular bamboo that extends along the length of the beds. Shade can be used Polyethylene plastic measuring 5.2 mx 1.2 mx 0.5 m. Polyotylene plastic (roof) can be opened from 07.00 to 10.30 when the seedlings are 15 - 20 days old, 07.00 - 12.00 when the seedlings are 20 - 28 days old and one full day after 28 days of seedlings. On top of the seeds need to spread mulch from pieces of straw measuring 25 cm. The mulch serves to prevent the seeds from moving during watering or when it rains, protects the sprouts from the sun and reduces evaporation and prevents damage to the surface of the beds.

After the seedlings are 20-25 days old, thinning is carried out, so that the distance between the seedlings is regularly between 4 cm x 4 cm to 5 cm x 5 cm, so that each m2 of beds there are 400 - 625 seedlings. 5 cm x 5 cm (called the seedbed ). Pataran beds are usually near the land where tobacco will be planted. These pataran seeds can be planted in the field after 20-25 days.

Pest control is carried out according to the types of pests and diseases that attack tobacco plants and is carried out in an integrated manner. Even at the beginning of tillage, soil solarization was also carried out. According to Cicu (2011), soil solarization is an alternative soil disinfestation method that is simple, safe, effective, leaves no residue, can be easily applied on a small or large scale, and can be combined with other control methods such as low dose pesticide application, application of fertilizers (green manure, organic fertilizer, or artificial fertilizers), and biological agents, and has a long-term control effect. In addition, according to him, the use of the solarization method can also effectively control soil-borne plant pathogens (parasitic nematodes, fungi, and some bacteria) and weeds.

F.        Selection and revocation.

Seedling selection was carried out three times, namely at the age of 10-13 days, 20-23 days and 33 days. Seedlings ready for distribution have criteria for age 38-40 days, seedling height 10-12 cm, stem diameter 0.8-1 cm, number of leaves 5-6 pieces, leaf color brown and healthy plants. The removal of the seeds is carried out in the morning or evening by watering the previous beds. Revocation is done by uniting the leaves that have been perfect.

Poly bag Nursery System

The main advantages of the nursery system in polybags are:
  • Reduce root damage when transplanting seedlings,
  • Reduce seedling mortality,
  • Eliminate stagnation and
  • Uniform seedling growth.
  • Thus the embroidery can be suppressed to zero level.

The method of seeding with the polybag system was initially the same as the bed system, only after 21 days of seedling the seedlings were transferred to polybags. The polybag system seed media consists of soil mixed with manure and sand in the ratio:
  1. On heavy soil 5: 3: 2
  2. On medium soil 5: 2: 2
  3. On light soil 5: 3 : 1

In addition, the media is mixed with NPK fertilizer at a dose of 1.5 - 2 kg of NPK fertilizer per 1 m3 of soil. The size of the plastic media is 110 cm long and 110 cm in diameter. The media soil was put into a plastic polybag. The media soil was previously sterilized by the solarization method for 14 - 20 days. Furthermore, the 3 weeks old (21 DAS) seedlings were transferred to polybags and watered as in nursery beds.

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