How to Cultivate Soybean Plants
The following is about the information we provide to you all about Soybean Plant Cultivation. Of course, in living an increasingly modern life, there are many needs that we want to fulfill, so with maximum effort and accompanied by prayer, the desires we want will come true. The information below is an encouragement for you to try in the field that you are currently working on, pay close attention to what we have to say.
to meet soybean needsour country is still imported. Whereas tempeh, tofu that we often consume is soybeans. Our country has not been able to produce soybeans because soybeans are not native plants from Indonesia. We import soybeans in very large quantities.
How to Cultivate Soybean Plants
The utilization of technically irrigated rice fields is still not optimal, some still have a fallow rice cropping pattern, thus the cropping index is still below 300. Some of them use it with a rice paddy cropping pattern. Such a cropping pattern is very dangerous for the development of pests and plant diseases, because the life cycle of rice pests is not interrupted. Therefore, it is highly recommended for technically irrigated rice fields to also use secondary crops or lowland vegetables. One of the recommended secondary crops is soybean, so that the cropping pattern becomes rice-soybean rice.
Also read: Guide to Growing Rice for Indonesian Farmers
Soybean is recommended, because it can be obtained several advantages, namely:
- Can increase farmers' income.
- Increase job opportunities for farm workers.
- Reduce soybean imports.
- Increase soil fertility.
- Can break the cycle of pests and diseases of rice.
The mastery of soybean farming techniques needs to be mastered by farmers, this leaflet is intended to increase farmers ' knowledge about soybean cultivation.
Varieties and Seeds
Soybean varieties that are recommended for ex-paddy fields are varieties that are early (less than 80 days) and medium (81 89 days) old. Thirteen varieties are recommended, namely: Lokon, Guntur, Tidar, Wilis, Kerinci, Merbabu, Raung, Rinjani, Lompo-batang, Lawu, Tengger, Dieng and Jayawijaya. While the recommended local varieties include: Elephant, Slawi, TK-5, Loka Brebes and Lumajang Brewok.
Things that need special attention to get high quality seeds are sorting and storing seeds. Selected seeds are healthy, whole / pithy and have high growth potential. The requirements for quality seeds, namely:
- Pure and known by the name of the variety.
- High germination, ie 80% or more.
- Have good vigor: grow fast and simultaneously, the sprouts are healthy.
- Clean, not mixed with grass seeds, dirt and other plant seeds.
- Healthy, not transmitting disease, and not infected with fungi that cause rot.
- Plump, not wrinkled and intact and dry.
Seed requirements per hectare range from 30 to 50 kg, depending on:
- The spacing used.
- Seed size (weight 100 seeds)
- Seed germination.
Soil Cultivation
In general , planting soybeans in former paddy fields is done without tillage. Tillage, besides being useless, also results in additional costs, delayed soybean planting time and dry soil. Some things to note are:
- If the soil is too muddy, make a drainage channel with a bed distance of 3-4 m and a length adjusted to the plot, 50 cm wide, with a depth of 30-40 cm.
- To suppress weeds and retain moisture, use mulch (ground cover) from cut straw.
Rhizobium inoculation
For rice fields where soybean is planted for the first time, Rhizobium inoculation should be carried out, with the aim of growing nodules on soybean roots that can bind N from the air. The method :
- Take the former soybean plantation .
- Dry and mash until smooth.
- Soybean seeds to be planted are moistened first.
- Mix the fine soil with the seeds that have been moistened, with a dose of 1 kg of soil for 10 kg of seeds, stir until evenly distributed.
Currently there is a ready-made Rhizobium Inoculum, sold in the market, which is called legin, mix moistened soybean seeds with 7.5 grams of legin/1kg of seeds.
Planting
We recommend planting in a ditugal manner, in the following order:
- Soil is piled up near the straw stump or in between.
- Place the seeds 2 - 3 seeds in the hole and cover with soil or husk ash, kitchen ash.
- Cover with straw mulch or leave exposed.
- Embroidery with seeds should be carried out 4-7 days after planting.
- e. Spacing that can be used: 25 X 25 Cm, 20 X 20 Cm, or 30 X 15 cm.
Fertilization
When and how to fertilize, fertilizer is given three times, namely:
- Basic fertilizer: given at the time of tugal, by adding it in addition to the seed, with a dose of one third of the total dose.
- Supplementary fertilizer I: 25 days after planting, one third dose by enclosing beside the plant.
- Supplementary fertilizer II: 40-45 days after planting, one third dose by enclosing beside the plant.
If water is available in the dry season, soybean plants need to be irrigated, by damming the drainage channels between the beds so that water inundates the beds, then opening them again. Drainage is important, because soybean plants are not resistant to standing water. Inundation can be done every week, or 5 times at the age of 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days after the experiment, or 3 times at the age of 0, 14 and 28 days after the experiment.
Weeding
Weeding is done depending on the presence / absence and the number of weeds (nuisance plants), if necessary it can be done 2 times, namely 2-4 weeks after planting and the second after the plants finish flowering.
Pests and Diseases
Soybean plant pests generally attack the young plant stems, leaves and pods. The main pests of soybean after gadu rice are rats, armyworms and pod borer pests.
a. Control of young plant pests.
Pests that usually attack are peanut flies or seed flies. Seed flies lay their eggs on seeds or young leaves, hatch and move the stems. The use of insecticide Larvin on seeds can suppress this pest attack, with a dose of 20 grams/kg of seed.
b. Leaf pest control.
Leaf pests consist of various types of caterpillars, especially armyworms, aphis and whiteflies. Intensive observation accompanied by early prevention is needed. If prevention cannot be overcome, then spraying can be done with Atabron 50 EC, Matador 25 EC, Bayrusil 250 EC with a dose of 2 cc/liter of water.
c. Pod pest control.
Pod pests consist of pod borer and pod sucker. Preventive control is done by spraying insecticides one week after flowering, and repeated every two weeks if there is an attack, spraying is stopped two weeks before harvesting. Insecticides that can be used are: Trebon50 EC, Tamaron 200 LC and Lannate with a dose of 2 cc/liter of water.
d. Rat pest control
- Before planting soybeans, which is before the rice harvest, conduct an intensive rat control movement by means of gropyokan and compost.
- The environment around the plant must be clean, to avoid nesting rats.
- Carry out composting and continuous feeding of mice during soybean planting.
e. Disease control
For the control of leaf rust and sclerotium disease, functional dides such as Dithane M-45 can be used at a dose of 2 grams / liter of water. While soybean plant diseases caused by bacteria and viruses are still difficult to control, therefore irradiation should be carried out (infected plants are removed and burned) or eradicate insects which are the vectors.
Harvest and Postharvest
The characteristics of soybean plants that are ready to be harvested are yellowing of leaves and pods. Harvesting is done by chopping the base of the stem above the ground with a sickle or other special tool. The bean sprouts are dried in the sun to dry, after they are dry, they are beaten with a bat, until the seeds are separated from the seeds. Then the seeds are cleaned (winnowed), then dried in the sun until completely dry (moisture content reaches about 10 - 12 %). Drying must use a base, so that the cleanliness of the seeds can be guaranteed. In general, soybean seeds (ose) for consumption after drying are stored (packaged) in sacks, the best is burlap sacks
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