Kinds of Animal Feed Ingredients Source of Energy, Protein and Vitamins

To prepare an animal feed ration, farmers need to know the nutritional content of various types of animal feed raw materials that will be used. It is very important so that the animal feed rations are prepared according to the needs of livestock for their energy, protein and vitamins and minerals. In general, the most expensive feed raw materials are protein source feed ingredients in the sense that the protein content in the feed ingredients is high between 20% and above.

In addition to protein, energy, minerals, livestock also need vitamins. Food sources of vitamins are fish oil, premix, multivitamins and green vegetables with the use of 0.5-2% of the total ration.

Here are some kinds and types of animal feed ingredients which include a source of energy, a source of protein and a source of vitamins and minerals.

Also read: 10 Best Natural Goat Feeds Apart From Grass

Animal Feed Raw Materials As a Source of Protein 

This group of feed ingredients includes all animal feed ingredients that have a protein content of at least 20% (derived from animals/plants).

This group is divided into 3 groups:

Forage groups as agricultural residues consisting of leaf types as by-products (jackfruit leaves, banana leaves, cassava leaves, algae and cakes)

Forage groups that are intentionally planted, such as lamtoro, turi calliandra, gamal and sentero

Group of materials produced from animals (fish meal, bone meal and so on).

Also read: 3 Examples of Agricultural Waste as Energy Source of Animal Feed!

Some feed protein sources:

Blood Flour Blood 

flour is a lot of slaughterhouse waste in Indonesia, but it is rarely used because the blood storage used for slaughterhouses is dirty and heavily contaminated with slaughtered cow or buffalo feces. The protein content is high, even higher than soybean meal.

Gude 

Nuts Gude Nuts contain high enough nutrients, namely 22% protein, 65% carbohydrates and 15% fat. Gude beans can be used as a substitute for soybeans or as a mixing ingredient in products that use soy-based ingredients, such as temped and soy sauce. Apart from being a food ingredient, gude bean plants are also used as animal feed, protection in nurseries, erosion prevention, and windbreaks.

Coconut 

meal Coconut meal is a waste from the manufacture of coconut oil that can be used as fat feed. Indonesia is rich in coconut trees and has built many cooking oil factories, so that coconut cake is widely available, the protein content is quite high around 21.6% and the metabolic energy is around 1540 – 1745 Kcal/Kg. But this coconut cake is poor in Cysine and Histidine and has a high fat content of about 15%. Therefore, the use in preparing the ration does not exceed 20%, while the deficiency of Cysine and Histidine can be met from the flour or factory-made Cysine.

Also read: 7 Best Rabbit Feeds and How to Give It

Sulfur

Sulfur is also an energy source. Sulfur is the main nutrient for all organisms. accumulation of other elements, making plant material (vegetable extraction) less suitable for use as animal feed and for human consumption. Sulfur (S) assimilation by plants plays an important role in the S cycle in nature, and the metabolism of assimilated S provides a variety of compounds that are beneficial to animals, including humans.

Conch flour Conch

meat can be used as a substitute for fish meal and the skin can be used as a substitute for bone meal. So far, Indonesia is still importing feed raw materials, such as fish meal and bone meal, which reach hundreds of thousands of tons a year.

Recipe flour

The protein content varies between 43 – 47% and is a good source of calcium because it contains chitin. But in Indonesia its use is not yet common, because the production is small (

Animal Feed Raw Materials Energy source 

Included in this group are all animal feed ingredients with a crude protein content of less than 20%, with a crude fiber concentration below 18%. Based on the type, energy source feed ingredients are divided into four groups, namely:

• Cereals/grains group (maize, wheat, sorghum)
• Cereal by-product group (mill waste)
• Group of tubers (cassava, cassava and by-products)
• Forage group consisting of several types of grass (elephant grass, bengal grass and setaria grass).

Molasses is a source of energy. Molasses is a by-product of the sugar processing industry in liquid form. This is in accordance with the opinion which states that molasses is the main waste of the sugar refining industry. Molasses is an essential source of energy with sugar content in it. Therefore, molasses has been widely used as an animal feed additive with good nutritional content. Molasses has a crude protein content of 3.1%; crude fiber 0.6%; BETN 83.5%; crude fat 0.9%; and 11.9% ash.

Also read: Beware Of Wrong! This Is The Type Of Frog Food That Is Suitable For Its Age

Molasses can be divided into two, namely: (1) Cane-molasses, which are molasses containing 25-40% sucrose and 12-25% reducing sugar with a total sugar content of 50-60% or more. Crude protein content is about 3% and ash content is about 8-10%, which is mostly formed from K, Ca, Cl, and sulfate salts; (2) Beet-molasses is a laxative feed that is normally given to livestock in small quantities.

Feed Raw Materials Source of vitamins and minerals 

Almost all animal feed ingredients, whether derived from plants or animals, contain several vitamins and minerals with concentrations that vary greatly depending on the level of harvest, age, processing, storage, type and parts (seeds, leaves and stems). In addition, several treatments such as heating, oxidation and storage of feed ingredients will affect the concentration of vitamin and mineral content.

Currently, feed ingredients as a source of vitamins and minerals are readily available in the free market which are specially packaged in the form of processed ingredients that are ready to be used as feed mixtures, such as premix, lime, Ca2PO4 and several minerals.

Soybean is a source of minerals. Soybean is one of the feed ingredients that has high biological value. The use of soybeans as feed ingredients for ruminants is not commonly used in Indonesia because of high prices, competition with food needs and monogastric livestock. The by-products of soybeans that are widely used as rations for ruminants include tofu dregs, discarded soy sauce dregs. The use of soy-based feed ingredients and their by-products can be used as much as possible.

Herbs

The purpose of using herbs is to replace the use of antibiotics in feed and drinking water as feed additives that can have a negative effect on livestock such as growth promoters and disease prevention and can reduce cholesterol in the livestock body. The use of herbs as feed additives in broiler rations aims to replace the use of antibiotics as growth promoters and disease prevention in poultry so that livestock and humans can avoid antibiotic residue and bacterial resistance.